Ifsttar PhD subject

French version
Detailed form :

Title : The urban model of Transit Oriented Development revisited by emerging mobility? An investigation into the territory of the Hauts-de-France region

Main host Laboratory - Referent Advisor LVMT  -  L'HOSTIS Alain      tél. : +33 320438498

Director of the main host Laboratory ZEMBRI Pierre  -

PhD Speciality Aménagement de l'espace et urbanisme

Axis of the performance contract 3 - COP2017 - Planning and protecting regions

Main location Lille-Villeneuve d'Ascq

Doctoral affiliation UNIVERSITE DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIE DE LILLE 1

PhD school SCIENCES ECONOMIQUES, SOCIALES, DE L'AMENAGEMENT ET DU MANAGEMENT (SESAM)

Planned PhD supervisor L'HOSTIS Alain  -  Université Gustave Eiffel  -  LVMT

Planned financing Contrat doctoral  - Ifsttar

Abstract

Should the urban model of Transit Oriented Development (TOD), which aims at a joint development of the city and public transport, be reviewed in the light of recent and future developments in mobility and means of transport?
Bicycles, electric bicycles, Personal Transport Devices, MaaS, (new) transport systems are changing mobility; mobility itself is changing with new uses of transport time. With, in addition, the autonomous car on the horizon, is it still relevant to aim at densifying the city around PTs?
In line with the discussions, the aim is to test the validity of the TOD concept in the face of these developments, or even to amend it if necessary, the subject includes:
- a diagnostic dimension: the situation of TOD in HdF, emerging mobility in HdF
- a prospective dimension: what changes in transport systems and mobility?
- a planning dimension: recommendations on regional planning strategies and local implementation of station district projects, exchange hubs and public space planning.

The regional spatial planning, sustainable development and equality plan (SRADDET) for the Hauts-de-France region, in the consultation phase, aims to achieve sustainable development of the regional territory, and in particular a better articulation between transport, including rail transport, and urban development. In addition, the two former regions of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy have both developed innovative approaches and good practices in the development of station districts (P) and peri-urbanization control (NPdC), the results of which should be documented and capitalised. Finally, this thesis project is in line with the orientations of the Third Industrial Revolution, pillar 5 having as its challenge a reorganization of lifestyles around public transport and multimodality.
The urban model of Transit Oriented Development (TOD), which aims at a joint development of the city and public transport, is increasingly mobilized in the academic sphere in France (see recent Ifsttar theses Feudo 2014; Liu and L'Hostis 2014), and appears in the domain of French practitioners (CEREMA 2015). One of the current challenges, in order to contribute to a very dynamic scientific and operational questioning on an international scale, consists in making French practices known, in France and abroad, from the perspective of TOD.
This work, as a scientific contribution, targets the international academic sphere, which currently lacks references on TOD cases in France, and will contribute to the current reflection on the renewal of the concept (Cervero 2019). And, on the application side, as an applied research of Ifsttar, and as a thesis in the academic discipline of Spatial Planning/Urban Planning, this contribution will also be of interest to French urban planning and transport practitioners.

The field of study is the Hauts-de-France region and its rail network, which have a set of contrasting configurations that are representative of the city/public transport relationship.

What form do TOD experiences take in the HdF region? What dynamics linking urban planning and transport can be observed? What are the main factors at work in these dynamics? What is the potential for TOD-type development in the HdF regional territory?
Are recent and expected changes in mobility and lifestyles - in the HdF region - compatible with the TOD? Should the concept be amended?

Based on an analysis of planning orientations at both regional and urban strategy levels, it is first necessary to construct a reading of station districts at the scale of the Hauts-de-France region from the perspective of TOD. Then it is a question of understanding the current trends in the evolution of mobility in the HdF region and on this basis, to question the urban model of the TOD in its regional implementation. The main methods of this thesis project are those of geostatistical analysis, compiling and articulating data sets from the fields of urban planning, mobility and transport. The TOD literature notably proposes typologies of station districts (Calthorpe 1993; Vale 2015) that make it possible to characterize the great variety of these urban objects linked by transport networks. A selection of typical neighbourhood cases will then be the subject of an in-depth study, by analysing urban forms, by prefiguring what these neighbourhoods could become if we strengthen the TOD dynamic, and by asking field actors about their strategies. The reflection on emerging mobility will feed into the more global reflection on the evolution of the TOD model.
The thesis could contribute to Ifsttar Ville2050's federating project on the theme of the "Energy and resource-efficient city", which highlights urban models, in this case the TOD, and their performance.

References :
Calthorpe, Peter. 1993. The next American metropolis: Ecology, community, and the American dream. Princeton Architectural Press.
Cervero, Robert. 2019. « The transit metropolis: a 21st century perspective ». Transportation, Land Use, and Environmental Planning, 131.
Feudo, Fausto Lo. 2014. « How to Build an Alternative to Sprawl and Auto-centric Development Model through a TOD Scenario for the North-Pas-de-Calais Region? Lessons from an Integrated Transportation-land Use Modelling ». Transportation Research Procedia, Sustainable Mobility in Metropolitan Regions. mobil.TUM 2014. International Scientific Conference on Mobility and Transport. Conference Proceedings., 4: 154‑77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2014.11.013.
Liu, Liu, et Alain L’Hostis. 2014. « Transport and Land Use Interaction: A French Case of Suburban Development in the Lille Metropolitan Area (LMA) ». Transportation Research Procedia, Sustainable Mobility in Metropolitan Regions. mobil.TUM 2014. International Scientific Conference on Mobility and Transport. Conference Proceedings., 4: 120‑39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2014.11.011.
Vale, David S. 2015. « Transit-Oriented Development, Integration of Land Use and Transport, and Pedestrian Accessibility: Combining Node-Place Model with Pedestrian Shed Ratio to Evaluate and Classify Station Areas in Lisbon ». Journal of Transport Geography 45 (mai): 70‑80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.04.009.

Keywords : TOD, interactions transport urbanisme, mobilité, modèle urbains, région Hauts-de-France

Main host Laboratory - Referent Advisor	LVMT - L'HOSTIS Alain tél. : +33 320438498
Director of the main host Laboratory	ZEMBRI Pierre -
PhD Speciality	Aménagement de l'espace et urbanisme
Axis of the performance contract	3 - COP2017 - Planning and protecting regions
Main location	Lille-Villeneuve d'Ascq
Doctoral affiliation	UNIVERSITE DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIE DE LILLE 1
PhD school	SCIENCES ECONOMIQUES, SOCIALES, DE L'AMENAGEMENT ET DU MANAGEMENT (SESAM)
Planned PhD supervisor	L'HOSTIS Alain - Université Gustave Eiffel - LVMT
Planned financing	Contrat doctoral - Ifsttar
Abstract Should the urban model of Transit Oriented Development (TOD), which aims at a joint development of the city and public transport, be reviewed in the light of recent and future developments in mobility and means of transport? Bicycles, electric bicycles, Personal Transport Devices, MaaS, (new) transport systems are changing mobility; mobility itself is changing with new uses of transport time. With, in addition, the autonomous car on the horizon, is it still relevant to aim at densifying the city around PTs? In line with the discussions, the aim is to test the validity of the TOD concept in the face of these developments, or even to amend it if necessary, the subject includes: - a diagnostic dimension: the situation of TOD in HdF, emerging mobility in HdF - a prospective dimension: what changes in transport systems and mobility? - a planning dimension: recommendations on regional planning strategies and local implementation of station district projects, exchange hubs and public space planning. The regional spatial planning, sustainable development and equality plan (SRADDET) for the Hauts-de-France region, in the consultation phase, aims to achieve sustainable development of the regional territory, and in particular a better articulation between transport, including rail transport, and urban development. In addition, the two former regions of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy have both developed innovative approaches and good practices in the development of station districts (P) and peri-urbanization control (NPdC), the results of which should be documented and capitalised. Finally, this thesis project is in line with the orientations of the Third Industrial Revolution, pillar 5 having as its challenge a reorganization of lifestyles around public transport and multimodality. The urban model of Transit Oriented Development (TOD), which aims at a joint development of the city and public transport, is increasingly mobilized in the academic sphere in France (see recent Ifsttar theses Feudo 2014; Liu and L'Hostis 2014), and appears in the domain of French practitioners (CEREMA 2015). One of the current challenges, in order to contribute to a very dynamic scientific and operational questioning on an international scale, consists in making French practices known, in France and abroad, from the perspective of TOD. This work, as a scientific contribution, targets the international academic sphere, which currently lacks references on TOD cases in France, and will contribute to the current reflection on the renewal of the concept (Cervero 2019). And, on the application side, as an applied research of Ifsttar, and as a thesis in the academic discipline of Spatial Planning/Urban Planning, this contribution will also be of interest to French urban planning and transport practitioners. The field of study is the Hauts-de-France region and its rail network, which have a set of contrasting configurations that are representative of the city/public transport relationship. What form do TOD experiences take in the HdF region? What dynamics linking urban planning and transport can be observed? What are the main factors at work in these dynamics? What is the potential for TOD-type development in the HdF regional territory? Are recent and expected changes in mobility and lifestyles - in the HdF region - compatible with the TOD? Should the concept be amended? Based on an analysis of planning orientations at both regional and urban strategy levels, it is first necessary to construct a reading of station districts at the scale of the Hauts-de-France region from the perspective of TOD. Then it is a question of understanding the current trends in the evolution of mobility in the HdF region and on this basis, to question the urban model of the TOD in its regional implementation. The main methods of this thesis project are those of geostatistical analysis, compiling and articulating data sets from the fields of urban planning, mobility and transport. The TOD literature notably proposes typologies of station districts (Calthorpe 1993; Vale 2015) that make it possible to characterize the great variety of these urban objects linked by transport networks. A selection of typical neighbourhood cases will then be the subject of an in-depth study, by analysing urban forms, by prefiguring what these neighbourhoods could become if we strengthen the TOD dynamic, and by asking field actors about their strategies. The reflection on emerging mobility will feed into the more global reflection on the evolution of the TOD model. The thesis could contribute to Ifsttar Ville2050's federating project on the theme of the "Energy and resource-efficient city", which highlights urban models, in this case the TOD, and their performance. References : Calthorpe, Peter. 1993. The next American metropolis: Ecology, community, and the American dream. Princeton Architectural Press. Cervero, Robert. 2019. « The transit metropolis: a 21st century perspective ». Transportation, Land Use, and Environmental Planning, 131. Feudo, Fausto Lo. 2014. « How to Build an Alternative to Sprawl and Auto-centric Development Model through a TOD Scenario for the North-Pas-de-Calais Region? Lessons from an Integrated Transportation-land Use Modelling ». Transportation Research Procedia, Sustainable Mobility in Metropolitan Regions. mobil.TUM 2014. International Scientific Conference on Mobility and Transport. Conference Proceedings., 4: 154‑77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2014.11.013. Liu, Liu, et Alain L’Hostis. 2014. « Transport and Land Use Interaction: A French Case of Suburban Development in the Lille Metropolitan Area (LMA) ». Transportation Research Procedia, Sustainable Mobility in Metropolitan Regions. mobil.TUM 2014. International Scientific Conference on Mobility and Transport. Conference Proceedings., 4: 120‑39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2014.11.011. Vale, David S. 2015. « Transit-Oriented Development, Integration of Land Use and Transport, and Pedestrian Accessibility: Combining Node-Place Model with Pedestrian Shed Ratio to Evaluate and Classify Station Areas in Lisbon ». Journal of Transport Geography 45 (mai): 70‑80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.04.009.
Keywords :	TOD, interactions transport urbanisme, mobilité, modèle urbains, région Hauts-de-France

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